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An overview and recent advances in electrocatalysts for direct seawater splitting

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第6期   页码 1408-1426 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2102-6

摘要： In comparison to pure water, seawater is widely accepted as an unlimited resource. The direct seawater splitting is economical and eco-friendly, but the key challenges in seawater, especially the chlorine-related competing reactions at the anode, seriously hamper its practical application. The development of earth-abundant electrocatalysts toward direct seawater splitting has emerged as a promising strategy. Highly efficient electrocatalysts with improved selectivity and stability are of significance in preventing the interference of side reactions and resisting various impurities. This review first discusses the macroscopic understanding of direct seawater electrolysis and then focuses on the strategies for rational design of electrocatalysts toward direct seawater splitting. The perspectives of improved electrocatalysts to solve emerging challenges and further development of direct seawater splitting are also provided.

关键词： seawater splitting     electrocatalysts     oxygen evolution reaction     hydrogen evolution reaction     chlorine chemistry    

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Emerging immunological strategies: recent advances and future directions

《医学前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第6期   页码 805-828 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0886-x

摘要： Immunotherapy plays a compelling role in cancer treatment and has already made remarkable progress. However, many patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors fail to achieve clinical benefits, and the response rates vary among tumor types. New approaches that promote anti-tumor immunity have recently been developed, such as small molecules, bispecific antibodies, chimeric antigen receptor T cell products, and cancer vaccines. Small molecule drugs include agonists and inhibitors that can reach the intracellular or extracellular targets of immune cells participating in innate or adaptive immune pathways. Bispecific antibodies, which bind two different antigens or one antigen with two different epitopes, are of great interest. Chimeric antigen receptor T cell products and cancer vaccines have also been investigated. This review explores the recent progress and challenges of different forms of immunotherapy agents and provides an insight into future immunotherapeutic strategies.

关键词： cancer immunotherapy     bispecific antibodies     small molecules     chimeric antigen receptor T therapy     cancer vaccines    

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Recent advances in the electrochemical oxidation water treatment: Spotlight on byproduct control

Yang Yang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1264-7

摘要： Abstract • Byproduct formation mechanisms during electrochemical oxidation water treatment. • Control byproduct formation by quenchers. • Process optimization to suppress byproduct formation. Electrochemical oxidation (EO) is a promising technique for decentralized wastewater treatment, owing to its modular design, high efficiency, and ease of automation and transportation. The catalytic destruction of recalcitrant, non-biodegradable pollutants (per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), pharmaceuticals, and personal care products (PPCPs), pesticides, etc.) is an appropriate niche for EO. EO can be more effective than homogeneous advanced oxidation processes for the degradation of recalcitrant chemicals inert to radical-mediated oxidation, because the potential of the anode can be made much higher than that of hydroxyl radicals (EOH = 2.7 V vs. NHE), forcing the direct transfer of electrons from pollutants to electrodes. Unfortunately, at such high anodic potential, chloride ions, which are ubiquitous in natural water systems, will be readily oxidized to chlorine and perchlorate. Perchlorate is a to-be-regulated byproduct, and chlorine can react with matrix organics to produce organic halogen compounds. In the past ten years, novel electrode materials and processes have been developed. However, spotlights were rarely focused on the control of byproduct formation during EO processes in a real-world context. When we use EO techniques to eliminate target contaminants with concentrations at μg/L-levels, byproducts at mg/L-levels might be produced. Is it a good trade-off? Is it possible to inhibit byproduct formation without compromising the performance of EO? In this mini-review, we will summarize the recent advances and provide perspectives to address the above questions.

关键词： Electrochemical water treatment     Byproducts     Perchlorate    

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Recent advances in systemic lupus erythematosus and microbiota: from bench to bedside

《医学前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第5期   页码 686-700 doi: 10.1007/s11684-022-0957-7

摘要： Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complicated autoimmune disease affecting multiple systems and organs. It is highly heterogeneous, and it preferentially affects women at childbearing age, causing worldwide social burden. The pathogenesis of SLE mostly involves genetic predisposition, epigenetic dysregulation, overactivation of the immune system, and environment factors. Human microbiome, which is mostly composed of microbiota colonized in the gut, skin, and oral cavity, provides a natural microbiome barrier against environmental risks. The past decade of research has demonstrated a strong association between microbiota and metabolic diseases or gastrointestinal diseases. However, the role of microbiota in autoimmunity remains largely unknown until recently, when the technological and methodological progress facilitates further microbiota research in SLE. In this review, the latest research about the role and mechanisms of microbiota in SLE and the advances in the development of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies based on microbiota for SLE were summarized.

关键词： systemic lupus erythematosus     microbiota     biotherapy    

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Recent advances in antimony removal using carbon-based nanomaterials: A review

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1482-7

摘要：

• The synthesis and physicochemical properties of various CNMs are reviewed.

关键词： Antimony     Carbon nanomaterials     Adsorption     Membrane separation    

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LivestockWaste 2016-International Conference on Recent Advances in Pollution Control and Resource

Xinmin Zhan, Liwen Xiao

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0958-y

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Recent advances in SERS detection of perchlorate

Jumin Hao, Xiaoguang Meng

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第3期   页码 448-464 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1611-9

摘要： Perchlorate has recently emerged as a widespread environmental contaminant of healthy concern. Development of novel detection methods for perchlorate with the potential for field use has been an urgent need. The investigation has shown that surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technique has great potential to become a practical analysis tool for the rapid screening and routine monitoring of perchlorate in the field, particularly when coupled with portable/handheld Raman spectrometers. In this review article, we summarize progress made in SERS analysis of perchlorate in water and other media with an emphasis on the development of SERS substrates for perchlorate detection. The potential of this technique for fast screening and field testing of perchlorate-contaminated environmental samples is discussed. The challenges and possible solutions are also addressed, aiming to provide a better understanding on the development directions in the research field.

关键词： perchlorate     SERS     detection     substrate     modification     nanostructure    

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Recent advances of hydrogen production through particulate semiconductor photocatalytic overall water

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第1期   页码 49-63 doi: 10.1007/s11708-022-0817-9

摘要： Solar energy-driven photocatalytic water splitting has been investigated for decades to produce clean and renewable green hydrogen. In this paper, the cutting-edge research within the overall water splitting system is summarized from the one-step photocatalytic overall water splitting (POWS) system to the two-step system and the cocatalysts research in this field. In addition, the photocatalytic reaction engineering study is also reviewed which is crucial for future scale-up. This mini-review provides a picture of survey of recent progress of relevant overall water splitting system, with particular attention paid to material system and mechanistic breakthroughs, and highlights the challenge and opportunity of the current system.

关键词： photocatalysis     overall water splitting     hydrogen    

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Recent advances in cathode electrocatalysts for PEM fuel cells

Junliang ZHANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第2期   页码 137-148 doi: 10.1007/s11708-011-0153-y

摘要： Great progress has been made in the past two decades in the development of the electrocatalysts for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). This review article is focused on recent advances made in the kinetic-activity improvement on platinum- (Pt-) based cathode electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The origin of the limited ORR activity of Pt catalysts is discussed, followed by a review on the development of Pt alloy catalysts, Pt monolayer catalysts, and shape- and facet-controlled Pt-alloy nanocrystal catalysts. Mechanistic understanding is reviewed as well on the factors contributing to the enhanced ORR activity of these catalysts. Finally, future directions for PEMFC catalyst research are proposed.

关键词： proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs)     cathode electrocatalysts     platinum     oxygen reduction reaction (ORR)    

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Recent advances in understanding genetic variants associated with economically important traits in sheep

Song-Song XU, Meng-Hua LI

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第4卷 第3期   页码 279-288 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017151

摘要： Sheep are one of the most economically important domesticated animals for human society. However, genetic improvements for the key traits associated with meat, growth, milk, wool, reproduction, horns and tails progress slowly using conventional crossbreeding methods. With the development and utilization of high-throughput screening technologies over the last decade, a list of functional genes and genetic variants associated with these traits has been identified. This review covers recent genome-wide studies on sheep productive traits using high-throughput screening technologies, including those based on single-nucleotide polymorphisms and copy number variants at the whole-genome level (e.g., genome-wide association studies), transcriptome and DNA methylation sequences. Additionally, comprehensive information on functional genes and genetic variants associated with economically important traits in sheep is provided.

关键词： sheep     high-throughput screening     productive traits     genome-wide studies    

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co-pyrolysis of agriculture biomass and disposable medical face mask waste for green fuel production: recentadvances and thermo-kinetic models

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第9期   页码 1141-1161 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2230-7

摘要： The Association of Southeast Asian Nations is blessed with agricultural resources, and with the growing population, it will continue to prosper, which follows the abundance of agricultural biomass. Lignocellulosic biomass attracted researchers’ interest in extracting bio-oil from these wastes. However, the resulting bio-oil has low heating values and undesirable physical properties. Hence, co-pyrolysis with plastic or polymer wastes is adopted to improve the yield and quality of the bio-oil. Furthermore, with the spread of the novel coronavirus, the surge of single-use plastic waste such as disposable medical face mask, can potentially set back the previous plastic waste reduction measures. Therefore, studies of existing technologies and techniques are referred in exploring the potential of disposable medical face mask waste as a candidate for co-pyrolysis with biomass. Process parameters, utilisation of catalysts and technologies are key factors in improving and optimising the process to achieve commercial standard of liquid fuel. Catalytic co-pyrolysis involves a series of complex mechanisms, which cannot be explained using simple iso-conversional models. Hence, advanced conversional models are introduced, followed by the evolutionary models and predictive models, which can solve the non-linear catalytic co-pyrolysis reaction kinetics. The outlook and challenges for the topic are discussed in detail.

关键词： biomass     COVID-19 waste     catalyst     pyrolysis     kinetics    

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Recent advances in geosynthetic-reinforced retaining walls for highway applications

Jie HAN, Yan JIANG, Chao XU

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第2期   页码 239-247 doi: 10.1007/s11709-017-0424-8

摘要： Geosynthetic-reinforced retaining (GRR) walls have been increasingly used to support roadways and bridge abutments in highway projects. In recent years, advances have been made in construction and design of GRR walls for highway applications. For example, piles have been installed inside GRR walls to support bridge abutments and sound barrier walls. Geosynthetic layers at closer spacing are used in GRR walls to form a composite mass to support an integrated bridge system. This system is referred to as a geosynthetic-reinforced soil (GRS)-integrated bridge systems (IBS) or GRS-IBS. In addition, short geosynthetic layers have been used as secondary reinforcement in a GRR wall to form a hybrid GRR wall (HGRR wall) and reduce tension in primary reinforcement and facing deflections. These new technologies have improved performance of GRR walls and created more economic solutions; however, they have also created more complicated problems for analysis and design. This paper reviews recent studies on these new GRR wall systems, summarizes key results and findings including but not limited to vertical and lateral earth pressures, wall facing deflections, and strains in geosynthetic layers, discusses design aspects, and presents field applications for these new GRR wall systems.

关键词： bridge     geosynthetic     highway     reinforced     wall    

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Recent advances of small-molecule fluorescent probes for detecting biological hydrogen sulfide

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第1期   页码 34-63 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2050-1

摘要： H2S is well-known as a colorless, acidic gas, with a notoriously rotten-egg smell. It was recently revealed that H2S is also an endogenous signaling molecule that has important biological functions, however, most of its physiology and pathology remains elusive. Therefore, the enthusiasm for H2S research remains. Fluorescence imaging technology is an important tool for H2S biology research. The development of fluorescence imaging technology has realized the study of H2S in subcellular organelles, facilitated by the development of fluorescent probes. The probes reviewed in this paper were categorized according to their chemical mechanism of sensing and were divided into three groups: H2S reducibility-based probes, H2S nucleophilicity-based probes, and metal sulfide precipitation-based probes. The structure of the probes, their sensing mechanism, and imaging results have been discussed in detail. Moreover, we also introduced some probes for hydrogen polysulfides.

关键词： hydrogen sulfide     fluorescent probe     reducibility     nucleophilicity     copper sulfide precipitate     hydrogen polysulfides    

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Recent advances in electrochemical decontamination of perfluorinated compounds from water: a review

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1618-z

摘要：

● Recent advances in the electrochemical decontamination of PFAS are reviewed.

关键词： Perfluorinated compounds     Electrochemical approach     Working mechanisms     Impacting factor     Coupled process    

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Recent advances and challenges of nitrogen/nitrate electro catalytic reduction to ammonia synthesis

《能源前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0908-2

摘要： The Haber-Bosch process is the most widely used synthetic ammonia technology at present. Since its invention, it has provided an important guarantee for global food security. However, the traditional Haber-Bosch ammonia synthesis process consumes a lot of energy and causes serious environmental pollution. Under the serious pressure of energy and environment, a green, clean, and sustainable ammonia synthesis route is urgently needed. Electrochemical synthesis of ammonia is a green and mild new method for preparing ammonia, which can directly convert nitrogen or nitrate into ammonia using electricity driven by solar, wind, or water energy, without greenhouse gas and toxic gas emissions. Herein, the basic mechanism of the nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) to ammonia and nitrate reduction reaction (NO3− RR) to ammonia were discussed. The representative approaches and major technologies, such as lithium mediated electrolysis and solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) electrolysis for NRR, high activity catalyst and advanced electrochemical device fabrication for NO3 − RR and electrochemical ammonia synthesis were summarized. Based on the above discussion and analysis, the main challenges and development directions for electrochemical ammonia synthesis were further proposed.

关键词： electrochemical ammonia synthesis     nitrogen     nitrate     nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) to ammonia     nitrate reduction reaction (NO–3 RR)    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

An overview and recent advances in electrocatalysts for direct seawater splitting

期刊论文

Emerging immunological strategies: recent advances and future directions

期刊论文

Recent advances in the electrochemical oxidation water treatment: Spotlight on byproduct control

Yang Yang

期刊论文

Recent advances in systemic lupus erythematosus and microbiota: from bench to bedside

期刊论文

Recent advances in antimony removal using carbon-based nanomaterials: A review

期刊论文

LivestockWaste 2016-International Conference on Recent Advances in Pollution Control and Resource

Xinmin Zhan, Liwen Xiao

期刊论文

Recent advances in SERS detection of perchlorate

Jumin Hao, Xiaoguang Meng

期刊论文

Recent advances of hydrogen production through particulate semiconductor photocatalytic overall water

期刊论文

Recent advances in cathode electrocatalysts for PEM fuel cells

Junliang ZHANG

期刊论文

Recent advances in understanding genetic variants associated with economically important traits in sheep

Song-Song XU, Meng-Hua LI

期刊论文

co-pyrolysis of agriculture biomass and disposable medical face mask waste for green fuel production: recentadvances and thermo-kinetic models

期刊论文

Recent advances in geosynthetic-reinforced retaining walls for highway applications

Jie HAN, Yan JIANG, Chao XU

期刊论文

Recent advances of small-molecule fluorescent probes for detecting biological hydrogen sulfide

期刊论文

Recent advances in electrochemical decontamination of perfluorinated compounds from water: a review

期刊论文

Recent advances and challenges of nitrogen/nitrate electro catalytic reduction to ammonia synthesis

期刊论文